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Prescription Amphetamines
Doctors prescribe amphetamines for different medical purposes such as appetite control in weight loss programs, narcolepsy, and hyperactivity disorders. Amphetamines were once used in inhalers for allergies and asthma, but this practice was banned because of the toxic effects of amphetamines.
Ritalin, Cylert, and Adderall are among the best-known forms of prescription amphetamines. These drugs are used to treat hyperactivity or attention deficit (known as ADHD or ADD) in children, adolescents, and adults. Amphetamines, which "speed up" normal people, have a calming effect on those with hyperactivity or attention-deficit disorders. On the street, amphetamines are also called speed, bennies, eye openers, lid poppers, pep pills, and uppers.
Types
The commonly used prescription amphetamines include Ritalin, Cylert, and Adderall.
Methods of Use
Prescription amphetamines can be swallowed in pill or tablet form or injected.
Effects on the Central Nervous System
Ritalin and Cylert stimulate the central nervous system by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter called dopamine in the synapse. This has the general effect of increasing the amount of dopamine available for action in the central nervous system, creating a generalized stimulating effect. The drug's direct impact on dopamine systems may also have an indirect effect on another neurotransmitter, serotonin. The effects on serotonin may be calming.
Adderall stimulates the release of a third neurotransmitter, called norepinephrine, which has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system. It may also increase available levels of serotonin. At higher doses, Adderall stimulates the release of dopamine. The effect on the dopamine system may contribute to the addictiveness of the drug.
Intoxication
Prescription amphetamines have pleasurable, elevating effects that make them drugs of choice for many people. They produce increased mental and physical energy and mild to moderate euphoria. Tolerance to amphetamines develops rapidly, which means that more are needed to get the same effect.
When abused, these drugs have the same kinds of effects as illicit street drugs, including:
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Irregular heartbeat
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Stomach upset
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Talkativeness
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Euphoria
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Sleep deprivation
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Restlessness
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Confusion
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Paranoia
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Irritability
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Aggression
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Heart attack
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Hallucinations
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Death
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Life Risks
Prescription amphetamines are generally safe if used as prescribed by a physician.
Withdrawal
Withdrawal from amphetamines is similar to withdrawal from cocaine. Signs and symptoms include depression or irritability, fatigue, oversleeping and overeating, loss of memory, and confused thoughts.
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